长白山天池火山天文峰期黄色浮岩成因研究     

潘波  程滔  徐丹  刘松军 《岩石学报》2020,36(7):2067-2080

长白山天池火口北侧天文峰之上,一套醒目的黄色浮岩引起广泛的关注,其颜色成因问题更是讨论的热点。本文通过野外地质调查、显微形貌和地球化学分析等方法,探索了黄色浮岩的颜色成因问题,并对此次喷发活动(天文峰期喷发)有了更进一步的认识。黄色浮岩与其下部灰白色浮岩应为同一期喷发所形成,两者成分一致且特征相似。黄色浮岩初始颜色为灰白色,后期受所处环境(降水丰富)与本身气孔特征的影响,浮岩内发生了元素析出和元素沉淀的过程。首先,浮岩内Si与H2O结合形成弱硅酸(H2Si O3),而大气中CO2与H2O结合形成弱碳酸(H2CO3),在弱酸环境下火山玻璃逐渐析出Si、K、Al、Ca和Fe等阳离子,而析出的元素易溶于水的部分被流水带走,难溶于水的Fe与Al富集并粘附在火山玻璃壁上,同时由于Fe可与H2O络合形成黄色的Fe的水合物(Fe2O3·n H2O),而Al与H2O络合形成凝胶状白色水合物(Al2O3·n H2O),两者混合形成了黄色胶状物粘附在火山玻璃壁上,改变了浮岩原本的灰白色,形成了黄色浮岩。因此,天文峰期浮岩的黄色是由于后期风化淋滤作用所造成,属于次生色。本研究提高了对火山喷发堆积物风化淋滤作用过程的认识,也为其他地区相似颜色变化问题的讨论提供了借鉴。  相似文献   

2020年1月19日新疆伽师MS6.4地震序列特征及后续趋势分析     

向元  聂晓红  李金  刘建明 《内陆地震》2020,(1):20-29

介绍2020年1月18日新疆伽师M S5.4和1月19日M S6.4两次地震的基本参数、震源机制解、精定位等资料,分析伽师M S6.4地震序列类型、序列衰减特征和余震序列各项数字地震学资料,并就该序列与历史地震序列进行对比,提出震后趋势判定意见。分析认为,该序列为前—主—余型,余震序列衰减较为迅速。  相似文献   

基于小波变换的射频干扰消除方法的研究          下载免费PDF全文

林天琪  吴亚军  朱人杰  徐志骏 《天文学报》2021,62(3):29

在射电天文观测中,射频干扰(Radio Frequency Interference, RFI)会以多种形式混入望远镜接收系统,给观测带来误判或者降低观测信噪比.近年来国内国际射电天文快速发展,国内国际大型射电望远镜和阵列先后建设,观测灵敏度大为提高,射频干扰的影响尤为突出.随着科技发展和人类活动的加剧,射频干扰日益严重且不可逆转.提出利用2维离散小波变换的方法分析射电天文观测的数据,对望远镜系统输出的时间频率序列进行小波变换,根据小波系数分离出原始信号中各分量,每个分量统计得到相应的阈值,将各分量与阈值相比较识别干扰成分并标记去除.利用该方法对实际观测数据进行了处理,结果表明该方法能够很好地标记并消减干扰信号,且提高了观测的信噪比.  相似文献   

Analysis and Comparison for Fusion Algorithms of Time Transfer     

WANG Wei-xiong  DONG Shao-wu  WU Wen-jun  GUO Dong  ZHANG Jian 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2021,45(2):224-235

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Snowmelt characteristics in a pristine mountain catchment of the Jalovecký Creek,Slovakia, over the last three decades     

Ladislav Holko  Michal Danko  Patrik Sleziak 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14128

The Jalovecký Creek catchment, Slovakia (area 22.2 km², mean elevation 1500 m a.s.l.), is likely the last big valley complex in the Carpathian Mountains, in which the hydrological cycle is still governed by natural processes. Hydrological research is conducted there since the end of the 1980s. The overall mission of the research is to increase the knowledge about the hydrological cycle in the highest part of the Carpathians. The research agenda, briefly introduced in the first part of this article, is focused on water balance, snow accumulation and melt and runoff formation. Recent analysis of precipitation, discharge, snow cover and isotopic data from period 1989–2018 indicates that hydrological cycle has become more dynamic since 2014. Although several indicators suggest that it could be related to the cold part of the year, direct links with snow storage and the contribution of snowmelt water to catchment runoff were not confirmed. The second part of the article is therefore focused on an analysis of daily cycles in streamflow in March to June 1988–2018 to obtain a deeper insight into the snowmelt process. We describe characteristics of the cycles and examine their variability over the study period. The results indicate that less snow at the lowest elevations (800–1150 m a.s.l.) since 2009 could have influenced the cessation of the cycles in June since 2010. The possible role of the decreased amount of snow at the lowest elevations in changes in runoff characteristics is also suggested by an increase in time lags between maximum discharges during the events and maximum air temperatures preceding discharge maxima measured near the catchment outlet (at 750 m a.s.l.) in spring 2018 compared to springs with a similar number of streamflow cycles in the years 1988, 2000 and 2009. Wavelet analysis did not indicate changes in global power spectra in hourly discharge and air temperature data.  相似文献   

Revisiting the existence of an effective stress for wet granular soils with micromechanics          下载免费PDF全文

Jérôme Duriez  Richard Wan  Mehdi Pouragha  Félix Darve 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(8):959-978

A possible effective stress variable for wet granular materials is numerically investigated based on an adapted discrete element method (DEM) model for an ideal three‐phase system. The DEM simulations consider granular materials made of nearly monodisperse spherical particles, in the pendular regime with the pore fluid mixture consisting of distinct water menisci bridging particle pairs. The contact force‐related stress contribution to the total stresses is isolated and tested as the effective stress candidate for dense or loose systems. It is first recalled that this contact stress tensor is indeed an adequate effective stress that describes stress limit states of wet samples with the same Mohr‐Coulomb criterion associated with their dry counterparts. As for constitutive relationships, it is demonstrated that the contact stress tensor used in conjunction with dry constitutive relations does describe the strains of wet samples during an initial strain regime but not beyond. Outside this so‐called quasi‐static strain regime, whose extent is much greater for dense than loose materials, dramatic changes in the contact network prevent macroscale contact stress‐strain relationships to apply in the same manner to dry and unsaturated conditions. The presented numerical results also reveal unexpected constitutive bifurcations for the loose material, related to stick‐slip macrobehavior.  相似文献   

基于奇异谱分析的静态相对重力观测重力固体潮提取   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郭金运  高文宗  于红娟  刘新  孔巧丽  陈晓东 《地球物理学报》2018,61(10):3889-3902

针对相对重力测量数据中存在的重力固体潮信号，本文提出将奇异谱分析方法（Singular Spectrum Analysis，SSA）应用到相对重力测量数据处理中，在不需要测站坐标等先验信息的条件下从相对重力数据中提取重力固体潮，提供了一种获取重力固体潮的新思路.采用模拟的相对重力数据进行实验，利用SSA方法和小波变换方法分别从模拟信号中提取重力固体潮并进行结果对比，SSA获取的重力固体潮与理论值残差RMS为0.3 μGal，小波方法获取的残差RMS为1.6 μGal.利用CG-5相对重力仪实测数据进行实验，提出一种利用SSA外推时间序列来削弱边界效应的新思路，实验结果显示采用这种方法后重力固体潮值与理论值残差序列的RMS和STD均有所减小.通过实验发现削弱边界效应后SSA提取的重力固体潮与采用Tamura潮波表计算的重力固体潮理论值残差RMS值为2.2 μGal.利用SSA提取的零点漂移值与最小二乘拟合得到的结果基本一致，十天内的差值小于0.4 μGal/d.  相似文献   

北京主城区伪基站时空规律分析     

汪伟  陶海燕  卓莉  李敏  李旭亮  汪珂丽  史清丽 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(7):978-987

随着公众移动通信的快速发展,伪基站的泛滥不仅破坏正常电信秩序,危害公共安全,而且严重损害群众财产权益,侵犯公民个人隐私,已成为社会一大公害。如何从垃圾短信大数据中挖掘出伪基站活动的时空规律,寻找有效的防控方案,从源头上进行打击和治理成为管理部门和研究者共同关注的焦点。本文基于北京市垃圾短信数据,利用非负矩阵分解的方法分析伪基站的时空分布规律;并利用TF-IDF构建垃圾短信分类模型,对垃圾短信进行分类,结合土地利用数据,分析伪基站在发送不同类型垃圾短信时的时空分布规律。结果显示：北京市垃圾短信多分布于路网和中心城区;白天垃圾短信数量远远多于晚上;垃圾短信的分布随时间的推移沿着路网逐渐向内收缩;发送不同类型垃圾短信的伪基站的时空分布具有一定的差异;通过非负矩阵分解得到的结果,与垃圾短信分类后得到的结果有很好的匹配。研究表明,非负矩阵分解具有实现上的简便性、分解形式和分解结果上的可解释性等优点,可以有针对性的为有关部门建言打击伪基站的有效方案,对于伪基站违法行为的治理具有一定的意义。  相似文献   

Elastic one-return boundary element method and hybrid elastic thin-slab propagator for strong-contrast media with sharp boundaries          下载免费PDF全文

Zengxi Ge  Yi Luo  Yuyan Ma  Rushan Wu 《地震科学（英文版）》2018,31(2):92-99

In this paper, we developed the theory and algorithm of an elastic one-way boundary element method(BEM) and a corresponding hybrid elastic thin-slab propagator for earth media with sharp boundaries between strong contrast media. This approach can takes the advantage of accurate boundary condition of BEM and completely overcomes the weak contrast limitation of the perturbationtheory based one-way operator approach. The one-way BEM is a smooth boundary approximation, which avoids huge matrix operations in exact full BEM. In addition, the one-way BEM can model the primary-only transmitted and reflected waves and therefore is a valuable tool in elastic imaging and inversion. Through numerical tests for some simple models,we proved the validity and efficiency of the proposed method.  相似文献   

宽频带超导重力仪的研制进展          下载免费PDF全文

刘习凯  马东  陈亮  刘向东 《地球物理学报》2018,61(7):3037-3043

本文报道一种构建宽频带高分辨率超导重力仪（SG）的方法.与已商业化的GWR超导重力仪类似，新型超导重力仪同样使用磁悬浮超导检验质量来构建弹簧振子结构，不同的是弹簧振子的固有频率更高，可以有效覆盖地脉动频带.同时，利用基于超导量子干涉器件（SQUID）的位移传感技术，大幅提高了位移传感灵敏度，以保证仪器在测量带宽扩展之后仍具有与GWR仪器相当的测量分辨率，从而实现对时变重力信号与地球背景噪声信号的同时高分辨观测.宽频带超导重力仪核心部件垂向超导加速度计（VSA）的设计、组装和初步测试已经完成.结果表明，加速度计的噪声本底为8 μGal/Hz^1/2@0.1 Hz，实现了对地脉动信号的高分辨率测量.而为了将仪器噪声本底降低到GWR仪器水平，加速度计的固有频率需要进一步减小，该部分参数优化工作正在进行.本文将对垂向超导加速度计的工作原理、结构和测试结果进行详细介绍.  相似文献